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 The Vocabulary of Chemistry

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Acid - Acids are compounds with a pH less than 7 that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Acids react when in contact with bases and some metals to form salts.

Alkali metal - Alkali metal is an element in the first column of the periodic table with the exception of hydrogen.

Alkaline earth metal - Alkaline earth metal is an element in the second column of the periodic table.

Amphoteric - The properties of a molecule that can behave as an acid that can donate protons on a strong base, or may also behave as a base that can accept protons from strong acids

 
Allotropes - Allotropes are different shapes in which the same element can exist. For example, carbon elements can be either allotropes of graphite or allotropes of diamonds.

Atoms - the atom is the fundamental unit of matter and the smallest unit of an element. It consists of a core surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

Bases - are substances with a pH higher than seven. A base is defined as a contributor to a pair of valence electrons.

Biochemistry - The study of chemical processes related to living organisms.

Loads - The attraction between the atoms that make up the chemicals.

Bunsen burner - A piece of chemical laboratory equipment that produces a fire used for laboratory experiments.

Carbon Cycle - A method by which carbon keeps moving throughout the biosphere.

Catalyst - A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction. The catalyst is not consumed in the reaction.

Chemical reactions - A process in which a set of substances undergoes chemical changes to form different substances.

Compounds - A chemical compound is a pure substance consisting of two or more elements.

Conductor - A conductor is a material that enables the flow of energy such as heat or electricity.

Covalent bonds - covalent bonds occur between atoms that share a pair of electrons to obtain their full outer shell.

Density - Density is mass per unit volume of substance. [Adsense]

Distillation - The process of separating the mixture by boiling the liquid and then recovering the cooled gas.

Elastic - Ability of material that will extend to long wire.

Electrolysis - A process used to drive a chemical reaction using an electric current. It is often used for separate elements.

Electrons - An atomic particles orbiting an atomic nucleus and carrying a negative charge.

Element - A pure chemical compound consisting of one type of atom. Every atom in an element is determined by the atomic number which is the number of protons in the nucleus.

Ions - An atom or molecule that has a negative or positive charge because the number of electrons is not equal to the number of protons.

Ionic bonds - ionic bonds are when an electron is exchanged between atoms to have a full outer shell.

Isotopes - Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different amounts of neutrons.

Malleable - A substance is said to be soft if it can be ground into thin sheets.

Metals - A substance that is a conductor of heat and electricity. They are generally soft, elastic, and shiny.

Mixtures - Combinations of two or more chemically incorporated substances.

Molecules - Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are joined together by chemical bonds.

Neutrons - A particle in an atom's nucleus that has no electric charge.

The noble gas - A family of elements that make up the 18th column of the periodic table. They are very stable because the outer shell of the electrons is full.

Core - The nucleus is the center of the atom containing protons and neutrons.

Oxidation - The name for the process when oxygen combines with other elements to form compounds.

Periodic Table - A table of chemical elements arranged by atomic number.

The PH - pH scale measures the activity of hydrogen ions in a substance. If a substance has a pH less than 7 is said to be acidic. If the pH is greater than 7 then it is said to be alkaline or alkali.

Proton - A particle in a nucleus that holds a positive charge.

Reactions - Processes that occur when two or more chemicals are combined to form other chemicals.

Salt - Salt is a chemical compound formed by the reaction of acids and bases.

Solution - A homogeneous mixture is where a substance called a solute is completely dissolved into another substance called a solvent. For example, a solution is formed when a salt dissolves in water to make a brine solution.

Valence electrons - An electron in an atom that can participate in chemical bonds.

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